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Business Research Method
EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION ON
STUDENTS MENTAL HEALTH IN MALAYSIA
Submitted To: Ma’am Riffat Jabeen
Submitted By: Nemra Fatima
Roll No: BBAE-19-43
BBA-5TH Evening Semester
Session 2019 __________2023
Business Administration
Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
Effects of Social Media Addiction on Students Mental Health in
Malaysia
Abstract
Social media use has been linked to increasing mental health problems. This study presents a
systematic review of the effects of social media on mental health. Fifty papers were shortlisted
from Google scholar databases and after the application of various inclusion and exclusion
criteria 16 papers were chosen and all papers were evaluated for quality. Eight studies were
conducted to examine the effects of social media use on mental health. The results revealed that
although times spend on social media was associated with a positive effect on the domain of
mental health there were significant differences in the effects of different types of media use on
mental health.
Keywords: Social Media Addiction, Student Mental Illness, Student Performance and Anxiety
Introduction
Social Media is one of the computer based technologies that allows users to share
thoughts, ideas, upload news and something that benefits the general public. Early the
year 2020 there are 81% of active social media users in Malaysia used by various ages.
Social media is used to shape business, career, politics, education and more which should
have a positive impact on everyone. Unstoppable using SM can cause addiction. Then,
affect a person’s healthy lifestyle, and can lead to mental health problems such as
depression and anxiety, especially for students in Malaysia. Human beings are social
creatures that require the companionship of others to make progress in life. Thus, being
socially connected with other people can relieve stress, anxiety, depression but lack or
over social media or connection have seriously impact and risk on mental health. Due to
mental illness students’ performance in studies are also not good.
Problem Statement
• People failure to manage the use of social media can make someone easily feel
anxious, stressed and others.
• 80.3% of social media users in Malaysia aged between 13 to 34 years are youth.
• Average time spent by students can be up to 10 hours for those who obsessed with
social.
Research Objectives
1. To find the social media addiction effect on the student performance.
2. To find the mediating role of student mental illness on the relationship between social
media addiction and student performance
3. To find the moderating role of anxiety on the relationship between social media addiction
and student performance.
Research Questions
1. Is there any relationship between social media addiction and student performance?
2. Does student mental illness play a mediating role on the relationship between social
media addiction and student performance?
3. Does anxiety plays a moderating role on the relationship between social media addiction
and student performance?
Hypothesis
H1: There is the significant relationship of social media addiction and student
performances have a negative.
H2: Student mental illness plays a mediating role on the relationship between social
media addiction and student performances have negative.
H3: Anxiety plays a moderating role on the relationship between social media addiction
and student performances have negative.
Literature Review
Overall, various studies have been widely conducted on social
media usage in particular and on the Internet in general. However, researchers have been
keen to fill the void on social media by analyzing social media addiction among
Malaysians as a whole. This is because social media addiction does not only occur among
youth, but also among all groups such as children and the elderly. The researchers wanted
to see how the problem of social media addiction develops in an individual by identifying
the root causes of the problem. Salmahand Melisa (2016) conducted a study entitled
“Influence of Technology Devices on Social Development and Child Health Problems”.
The purpose of the study was to explain the positive or negative effects of using
technology devices on children and to comment on ways to reduce children’s addiction to
technology devices. The researchers analyzed the role of parents as a guide in helping
children understand the dangers of using technology in health and related issues. Besides
that, this paper also provides information that may be used by all parties directly or
indirectly in the preparation and use of the latest technology devices. He Su and Nan
Zamia (2014) conducted a study entitled “Perceptions and Use of Social Media from
Parental Perspectives: A Qualitative Analysis”. This paper discusses the pattern of using
Face book among parents to connect with children. The research method used in this
study was a structured interview conducted with parents who had a Face book social
account. Next, the data were analyzed using Nvivo software. The analysis revealed
several categories of social sites use among parents, namely to keep up with current
developments, relate to family members, foster friendships, find jobs, for academic
purposes, and more. Not only that, the respondents from this study indicated that the use
of social media also served as a platform for them to obtain current information to
monitor their children’s activities.
Another paper that explored the use of the Internet was a study conducted by the study of
social media addiction among Form 4 students in Johor Bahru city. This study aimed to
identify the level and causes of Internet use among Form 4 school students in the city of
Johor Bahru. Furthermore, the study also sought to identify the true purpose and types of
Internet use that students frequently access and the impact of excessive Internet use. The
researcher used a set of questionnaires consisting of three parts as the research
instrument. A total of 265 students from three schools were selected using the random
sampling method. The study data were presented in descriptive form such as frequency,
mean score and percentage using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)
Version 15 software. As a result, the level of Internet use for students was
Low and there was a significant difference in the level of Internet use among boys and
girls, as well as the type of school by gender. Besides that, there was a positive
correlation between the socioeconomic level of parents and the level of Internet use
among students. The most frequently accessed website by students is the
Social networking website.
Furthermore, a study on Z-generation teenagers was also conducted by Jamiah Manap,
Mohd Rezal Hamah and colleagues (2016) entitled “The Use and Implications of Social
Media against Generation Z Youth”. This study aimed to explore the use of social media
and its implications on generation Z teenagers in Malaysia. The researcher used
quantitative research and distributed the questionnaire to 750 Z-generation adolescents in
Malaysia. In addition, a case study was conducted among 20 Z-generation teenagers
studying at the public university. The results show that the Z generation used social
media widely for a variety of purposes. Also, the use of social media was found not only
to have positive implications such as strengthening relationships, talents and skills, but
had also negatively affected the youth. This paper also discusses specific strategies to
develop youngsters holistically in the context of social media use by considering their
implications towards the Z generation in Malaysia.
Faradillah and Iza (2011) conducted a study on the relationship between the purpose and
satisfaction that influence social media engagement among students while also
monitoring the social implications on individuals that actively use social media. The
researcher applied the theory of uses and gratification as a research guide which explains
that humans reach a certain level of satisfaction by using social media. The
Study was conducted using the quantitative method through a survey and obtained the
study result from 101 respondents consisting of students of the Diploma in
Communication at Selangor International Islamic University College (KUIS). The results
show that the purpose of using social media was very much related to the satisfaction that
is achieved to avoid loneliness, find entertainment and information, foster relationships,
And to play online games. Besides, there are also positive implications of respondent
communication in developing fast and easy communication and sharing of information.
Conceptual Framework
Social Media
Addiction
Student
Mental
Illness
Student
Performance
Anxiety
Methodology
1. Target Population: Students in Malaysia
2. Sample Size: The number of university student in Malaysia who use social media via
mobile devices or other source.
3. Sampling Technique: Probability sampling that is simple random sampling.
4. Data Analysis: Divided into three sections A B C.
Number of Questionnaires
Survey
1500
Received
1200
Not Received
300
Filled
1000
Blank
200
Survey Questionnaire
Introduction:
Dear Madam/Sir,
Date__________
My name is Nemra Fatima. I’m a student of Ghazi University D.G. Khan. Main purpose to
conduct this research to know about the social media effect on many aspects of human life
which can be include voting a certain way individual views and beliefs or skewing a person’s
knowledge of a specific due to being provided false information. I request you to respond the
questions frankly and honestly. Your response will be kept strictly confidential. Only members
of the research team will have access to the information you give. To ensure the outmost
privacy, we have provided an identification number for each participant. The numbers, names
and other completed questionnaires will not be made available to anyone other than the research
team. Thank you very much for your time and cooperation.
Cordially,
Nemra Fatima
Demographic Questionnaire
(Instructions: Please complete this section by circling the following answers)
1. What is your age?
a) 15______20
b) 25______30
c) Above 30
2. What is your gender?
a) Male
b) Female
3. What is your nationality?
a) Non-Malaysian
b) Malaysian
c) Others. _________Please specify
4. What is your education level?
a) Diploma
b) Undergraduate
c) Postgraduate
5. What is your religion?
a) Muslim
b) Hinduism
c) Others. __________Please specify
6. What is your material status?
a) Single
b) Married
c) Others. ___________ Please specify
Social Media addiction scale
For each of the following please indicate your level of satisfaction.
Strongly Disagree
disagree
Neither
agree nor
disagree
Agree
1. Connect on face book and twitter with your
friend.
2. You look at the photos shared on social network
profiles.
3. You search for your friends using social
networking sites.
4. You wonder whether your friends read your post.
5. You wonder who visits your profile
6. You follow the content in which you are
interested from social media
7. You prefer social media on TV.
8. You enjoy spending time in social networking
sites.
Student Mental Illness
Please tick the box that describes your experience of each over the last 2 weeks
Not at
all
1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things.
2. Feeling down , depressed or hopeless
3. Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping too
much
4. Feeling tired or having little energy
Several
Days
More
Nearly
than half everyday
the days
Strongly
Agree
5. Poor appetite or overeating
6. Feeling bad about yourself- or that you are failure
or have let yourself or your family down
7. Trouble concentrating on things such as reading
the newspaper and watching the television
Student Performance
For each of the following please indicate your level of satisfaction.
Strongly
Agree
1. Sleep deprivation negative
effect my academic
performance.
2. Stress of midterm exams
leads me to sleep
deprivation
3. Stress of final term exams
leads me to sleep
deprivation
4. The demanding medical
curriculum leads me to
sleep deprivation
5. My academic advisor
consuls me about sleep
patterns
6. I am knowledgeable about
the healthy sleep patterns
7. Sleep deprivation
negatively affects my mood
Agree
Neither
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Anxiety
Recall the last five days and rate the following:
Not
Rarely
At All
1. I feel tense , stress , uptight on edge
2. I feel uncomfortable in social
situations
3. I have difficulty falling asleep or
have nightmares
4. I dwell , obsess and can’t stop
thinking
5. I worry about myself or the people
dying
6. I fear having panic or anxiety attacks
7. I walk , eat , drive , talk or work fast
8. I feel like something terrible is going
to happen
9. I worry about major medical
problems or illness
10.I worry about saying or doing
something embarrassing
11. I think people are judging me at
staring at myself
12.I fear others will find out my secret
13.I feel tired , weak , exhausted
Sometimes
Often
A Lot
Name:
Description:
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