La carlota city college 1

1
LA CARLOTA CITY COLLEGE
A/Y: 2022-2023
FACTORS OF INFLUENCING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE
STUDENTS TOWARDS THE ENGLISH SUBJECT
A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
LICERA, MA.OFELMA
SOBERANO, APRIL JOY
PARAGOYA, KATHLYN
BSED ENGLISH 3B
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
4
INTRODUCTION
4
Rationale and Background of the Study
4
Theoretical Framework
9
Conceptual Framework
12
Statement of the Problem
13
Hypothesis
14
Significance of the Study
14
Scope and Limitation of the Study
16
Definition of Terms
17
CHAPTER 2
18
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
18
Education and Its Importance
18
The English Language and Subject
19
Importance of the English language to Students
19
Students Attitudes towards English
20
English as the Second Language of Filipino Students
21
Performance of Students on the English Subject
22
Types of Factor influencing Students Academic Performance
23
3
Internal Factors Influencing Students
23
External Factors Influencing Students
24
CHAPTER 3
26
METHODOLOGY
26
Research Design
26
Locale of the Study
26
Sample and Sampling Procedure
27
Respondents of the Study
27
Research Instrument
27
Data Collection
28
Statistical Treatment of Data
29
4
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale and Background of the Study
Ortiz (n.d.) believes that, “Education is the key to
success.”
Indeed,
this
is
one
of
the
most
effective
way
of
achieving one’s goal. It expands the knowledge and skills of a
human. Education is a significant thing that can be carried until
the later stages of life since it 15 an abstract treasure that
parents could give to their child: it cannot be transferred or
stolen from one brain to another (SOS Children’s Village, 2012).
Therefore, it is vitally important to obtain education for it
affects life today and life in the next generation to come forth.
Through education, a person’s background and perception about
something expands. Ambani (n.d.) stated that, “Education is the
foundation for our future. It is empowerment to emboldens the youth
to chase their dreams. On the other hand people who decided to not
have education are having a hard time finding jobs. Hence, everyone
needs education; no matter who they are or what they plan to do in
their life. Through education, there will be more opportunities to
come in career which will be the stepping stone in reaching dreams.
To ensure that education is effectively imparted, the performance
of students in schools are being monitored. This is where academic
achievement or academic performance is being applied in order to
5
check the effectiveness and efficiency of the way in imparting
knowledge to students (Steinmayr, Meliner, Weidinger and Wirthwein
2014). In the aspect of delivering quality education to students,
the
issues
of
access,
quality,
governance,
and
management need to be enhanced for better educational service
delivery for improved student learning outcomes. Since students
are at the core of learning process, their motivations, strategies,
and factors hindering their learning is imperative as students
themselves play pivotal roles in shifting their own learning and
acquiring enhanced academic achievement (Jan, 2017). Therefore, as
a student, they should attend to their responsibilities to absorb
good education, but other students have low performance in terms
of the academics due to lack of participation or activeness in the
class. Thus, they need to focus in improving such factors that
influence their academic performance for the better future of every
student.
Student academic and learning performance is affected by many
factors
including
gender,
age,
teaching
faculty,
students
schooling. parent/guardian, social economic status, residential
area of students, medium of introductions in school, tuition,
trend, daily study hour, and accommodation as day scholar (Ali,
2013). These were identified by many researchers after conducting
and elaborating the studies about the factors contributing on
student performance and different study level. Among the various
6
factors
that
categorized
influences
them
into
academic
two:
performance,
Trend,
daily
Kudari
study
(2016)
hour,
and
accommodation as day scholar (Ali, 2013). These were identified by
many researchers after conducting and elaborating the studies
about
the
factors
contributing
on
student
performance
and
different study level. Among the various factors that influences
academic performance, Kudari (2016) categorized them into two
Internal and external. Internal factors will revolve around the
school, teacher, and student while external factors may be more
intricate which
includes family, religion, friendship, social
life, and extra-curricular activities.
In the year 2015, K to 12 program was fully implemented in
the Philippines which aims to develop the educational system under
the Department of Education (DepEd) to enhance learners’ basic
skills, produce more competent citizens, and prepare graduates for
lifelong learning and employment. This school year would yield the
first
STUDENTS’
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
batch
of
K-12
graduates
(Bigcas, 2010). Basically, the K-12 program adds another two years
in high school coined as senior high school which includes grade
11 and 12. On the two grade levels, students are required to have
certain core, contextualized, and specialızed subjects in order to
complete the curriculum given by Dep Ed. One of the subjects is
regarding the English language.
7
English for Academic and Professional Purposes is one of the
contextualized
subject
in
senior
high
school.
Therefore,
it
ensures that every student have the same competency in terms of
the English language (Cruz, 2014). In this subject, students will
master the four macro-skills, namely: listening, speaking, reading
and writing. It emphasizes to its students that English is a means
of communication, rather than a set of facts to be learned. Since
English is the universal language and a common medium in the
Philippines, Filipino students must learn how to communicate in
English
since
most
employers
demands
applicants
who
possess
literacy in the English language (Nielson, 2014). In addition,
English is not innate to Filipinos so it is a problem to be
considered especially in the course of the learning process of
students (Budi, 2012).
This study is regarding the internal and external factors
influencing the academic performance of grade 12 students toward
the English subject at Jose C. Feliciano College Foundation during
the school year 2017-2018. It aims to identify the influencing
factors and their level of influence to the academic performance
of the students. It is expected to be in help to its audience in
providing
informative
results,
comprehensive
conclusion,
and
applicable recommendations for the objective of addressing the
problem.
8
On the two grade levels, students are required to have certain
core,
contextualized,
and
specialızed
subjects
in
order
to
complete the curriculum given by Dep Ed. One of the subjects is
regarding
the
English
language.
English
for
Academic
and
Professional Purposes is one of the contextualized subject in
senior high school. Therefore, it ensures that every student have
the same competency in terms of the English language (Cruz, 2014).
In this subject, students will master the four macro-skills,
namely: listening, speaking, reading and writing. It emphasizes to
its students that English is a means of communication, rather than
a set of facts to be learned. Since English is the universal
language and a common medium in the Philippines, Filipino students
must learn how to communicate in English since most employers
demands applicants who possess literacy in the English language
(Nielson, 2014). In addition, English is not innate to Filipinos
so it is a problem to be considered especially in the course of
the learning process of students (Budi, 2012). This study is
regarding
the
internal
and
external
factors
influencing
the
academic performance of grade 12 students toward the English
subject at Jose C. Feliciano College Foundation during the school
year 2017-2018. It aims to identify the influencing factors and
their level of influence to the academic performance of the
students. It is expected to be in help to its audience in providing
9
informative
results,
comprehensive
conclusion,
and
applicable
recommendations for the objective of addressing the problem.
Theoretical Framework
Figure 1. Tinto’s Theoretical Model
Tinto’s
Theoretical
performance
is
Model
altered
by
(1993)
the
asserted
internal
that
and
the
academic
external
factor
10
regarding the student’s environment. The internal factor consists
of the academic integration which is consisted of intellectual
development
of
students
and
their
determination
to
learn.
Therefore, it is their behavior inside the classroom that could
also alter the academic performance. With regards to the academic
integration, the students” innate intelligence quotient (1Q) could
affect the academic performance, if not, their perseverance in
wanting to learn could also increase the academic performance.
The external factor on the other hand revolves around the Social
Integration; this Is where the self-esteem and relationship with
other people revolves. According to the theory, the self-esteem of
the student could also affect the student’s academic performance.
Also, the relationship of the student with other people could also
alter the academic performance.
11
Figure 2. Wang et al. Psychological Theory
Wang et al. (1997) formulated the Psychological Theory. It was
explained that Wang et al. (1997) formulated the Psychological
Theory. It was explained that the academic performance could be
altered by the psychological factors that revolve around the
students.
According
interactions
and
to
Wang
classroom
et
al.,
management
the
are
student-teacher
internal
factors,
whereas, the social-emotional influences, parental support, social
behavioral interactions, motivational-effectiveness attributes,
and peer-group are external factors that affect the academic
performances of a student.
12
Conceptual Framework
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework
Figure 3 presents the schematic diagram of the study using the
Input-Process- Output (IPO) Model. The input includes the profile
of the students in terms of age, gender, course, schedule, class
size, general weighted average, family income, parents occupation,
internal and external factors influencing academic performance of
students
toward
the
English
subject.
The
process
utilized
descriptive survey of the respondents through the use of the
questionnaires. Nevertheless, it involves the analysis of data
through
the
use
of
applicable
statistical
tools.
The
output
13
showcases the result of the planned methodology of obtaining the
relationship between the relationship of the internal and external
factors that affects academic performance of students.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identıty the internal (academic) and
external (non-academic) factors influencing and the levels of
influence to the academic performance of College Students toward
the English subject. Specifically, it aims to answer the following
questions.
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Academic Load
1.4 Primary language
2. What are the internal factors and how do these influence
the academic performance of students in the English subject?
2.1 Students-based factors
2.2 Teacher-based factors
2.3 School-based factors
3. What are the external factors and how do these influence
the academic performance of students in the English subject?
3.1 Family-related factors
3.2 Friend-related factors
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3.3 Religious factors
3.4 Extra-curricular activities
4. Do the students agree or disagree that each internal and
external factor has certain level of influence to their academic
performance toward the English subject?
5. Are there significant differences in terms of level of influence
among the identified factors to the student academic performance
toward the English subject?
Hypothesis of the study
In reference to sub-problem 5, the following null hypotheses
were formulated:
1.
There
is
no
significant
difference
in
terms
of
level
of
influence on research proposal among the identified factors to the
students”‘ academic performance toward the English subject. 2.
There is no significant difference in terms of level of influence
on
conducting
students’
research
academic
among
performance
the
identified
proposal
among
factors
the
to
the
Identified
factors to the student academic performance toward the English
subject.
Significance of the Study
The study would be in great help to a great number and a
diverse range of audience since it would identify the factors
15
influencing the academic performance of the students toward the
English subject. Hence, it aims to provide informative results,
agreeable conclusions, and applicable implications. Thus,
the
result of this study will be beneficial to the following:
To the parents or guardians of the students, the study will
facilitate the presentation of the students’ academic performance
specifically on the English subject and the factors influencing
it.
Wherein,
they
will
benefit
from
it
by
comparing
their
children’s academic performance in the English subject among other
students in order for them to make appropriate parental actions
since they provide the financial and other necessities of their
children.
To
the
faculty
members,
especially
to
the
English-based
faculty members, the students’ academic performance will directly
reflect on their teaching styles regardless of other several
factors. Therefore, this study will provide sufficient information
to
enumerate
possible
and
significant
factors
including
the
teachıng styles of faculty members. In return, their teaching
styles will be justified or there will be an option for improvement
if it truly lacks quality.
To the Philippine community, the study will aid in presenting
the
possible
struggles
of
Filipinos,
especially
students,
in
utilizing the English language. It will raise the awareness of
Filipinos
in
order
for
them
to
refer
the
English
language
16
necessarily taught on the youngest possible age or to innovate
ways for a better language catering process.
To the students, the study will provide information regarding
the academic performance of students on the English Subject.
Regardless of grade level or institution, the study will be in
great help in identifying the factors that positively or negatively
influences students” academic performance.
To the future researchers, the study will be in great support on
providing baseline information about the topic to aid them in
producing a relevant research or in developing this research by
furthering the knowledge that had been discovered.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is regardıng the academic performance of College
students toward the English subject that will be conducted at La
Carlota City College at La Carlota City during the academic year
2022-2023.
The study is limited only to the college students who officially
enrolled in various programs in Education offered such as BSED
English, BSED Math, BSED Filipino, BSED MAPEH, BEED Gen.Ed and
BEED EC.
This study considers every possible factors that has an influence
on the students’ academic performance toward the English subject
such
as
the
internal
(academic)
factors
and
external
(non-
17
academic) factors. Internal factors are limited to the studentbased, teacher-based, and school-based factors. On the other hand,
external factors are limited to family, friends, religion, and
extra-curricular activities of the students. It is focused on how
their
academic
performance
towards
the
English
subject
is
influenced.
Definition of Terms
The following terms as used in the study were operationally
defined for a better understanding.
Academic Performance, It refers to the student efficiency in terms
of intellectual manner. It is how knowledgeable and active a
student is in a given subject academically.
English Language, This refers to the universal language which is
also commonly and mainly utilized in the Philıppines in its
context.
English Subject, This refers to a contextualized subject of the
students in senior high school which is English for Academic and
Professional Purposes.
External Factor, Something that can be considered external if it
does not involve the academic aspect.
Internal Factor, Something that can be considered internal if it
involves the academic aspect.
Students, it refers to all Education College students of La Carlota
City College.
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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents major concepts, facts, principles,
theories, findings, conclusions and arguments lifted from reviewed
literature and studies that have significant bearings on the
problems under study. These literature and related studies gave
direction to the present study and provided background information
for the discussion and consideration of the findings on the
problems raised.
Education and Its Importance
“Education is an important medium of acquiring skills and
knowledge. Our education begins at home. Thereafter as we grow, we
go
to
schools,
colleges
and
other
educational
institutes”
(Chamaria, 2015). Hence, it is essential to young people in order
to
enhance
their
abilities
and
to
gain
wisdom
through
a
systematized process. Rowan (2014) specified that education is the
important basis for career advancement, character building, time
management, and progression of society. It is not restricted on
the grades that are given but a holistic package in developing a
student into a productive part of the society. To ensure good
education, a reflection of a student’s performance is observed.
This is where academic achievement or academic performance is being
monitored in order to check the effectiveness and efficiency of
19
the way in imparting knowledge to students (Steinmayr, Meiliner,
Weidinger & Wirthwein, 2014).
The English Language and Subject
Department of Education (DepEd) states that students’ ability
in Mathematics and Science has a connection with their linguistic
ability in English; wherein, it has an effect in the capabilities
of the students. Inevitably, in the various lessons in Math and
Science, English is a very important gateway to comprehension,
analysis, evaluation and interpretation of results (as cited in
Lasaten
&
emphasized
Raca,
that
2016).
an
Nevertheless,
effective
English
Curtain
skills
and
Dahlberg
development
camp
should spend time in building up proficiency and fluency in English
by teaching the formal, grammatical characteristics of English and
giving a new academic content. After all, there is a must to focus
on
fluent
shifts
between
levels
of
linguistic
developments
classes, coordination and speech between special second language
programs and other school programs assessment, incumbent staffbased improvement and training, and home participation (as cited
in Pop & Sim, 2013).
Importance of the English language to Students.
According to Layug (2012), studying English language at the
youngest age step up to an exclusive brand new side for children.
It contributes much greater asset to the evolution of skills.
20
While, Rene (2013) stated that majority of the content composed on
the Internet is in English. So learning English will let you to
enter an unbelievable volume of data which may not be otherwise
possible since most of the books and knowledge are drafted in
English now. However, Dipak (2016) highlights that if we do not
study English, then we are keeping individually apart from limited
of
the
world’s
information.
All
the
reference
books,
study
material, theory, Android apps, everything on Internet, most of
the data of communication all is in English.
Students Attitudes toward English
Based on the Dawn website (2010), today in our society there
are more non- native speakers than native speakers. It was said
that there are three hundred and thirty seven million to four
hundred fifty
million that are using English as their first
language. Two hundred and thirty five million to three hundred
fifty million are using also English as their second language.
Hundred million to one thousand have learned English as a foreign
language. The outcome of this situation is that English has become
the property of its native and non-native users. On the study
conducted by Gemora and Arellano (2010), significant differences
were determined in the performance of the respondents when they
were grouped as to sex, course and year level. It described student
performance and attitude towards English subjects.
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English as the Second Language of Filipino Students
According to Malicsi (2010), the usual insight that English
in the Philippines has been worsen resulting in a language variety
which qualifies as a dialect even the process that it provides is
different
from
the
traditional
account
of
dialect.
It
has
particular linguistics features that emerged from a gradual study
of language learning away from native language speakers, such the
generations of Filipino learners of English have taken forms and
English terms of English from Filipino second-language learners
trained by other Filipino second Language learners. On the other
hand, Cabigon (2017) stated that the Philippines are recognized
worldwide as one of the largest English-speaking countries with
most of its population having some level of fluency in English
language.
English
are
one
of
the
official
language
in
the
Philippines and spoken by more than 14 million Filipinos. Our
future
teachers
should
ensure
that
English
is
a
means
of
communication. DepEd focuses on the needs of learners and ensures
that they learn the English Language as specified under K to 12.
On the view ot many, the Filipıino are indigenous English speakers
who have successfully trained in English. These students want to
speak English effortlessly and confidently (Kerlyn, 2012).
22
Performance of Students on the English Subject
According to the research of Dar and Go (2010), the English
language possess an important, strategic role in the process of
the school tor a reasonable explanation that the primary source in
supporting education to the students is the English language.
However, the performance of the students in the English subject is
not reliable and the exam averages in English have constantly
fallen beneath the local average; that is why, it is a need to
identify the reason behind the trend. Based on Mosha (2014),
students are very motivated to learn the English language tor the
expectations
of
the
international
communication
for
academic
advancement of the student’s opportunity. It was also discovered
that students have infrequent intake of it at school and home which
is a limiting, contributing factor for the difficulty in English.
On the other hand, Aina, Ogundele and Olanipekun (2013) mentioned
that the necessity for mastering English Is the way for written
and o communication for that the study has grown due to relate the
environment. It was asked why they need an educator to understand
the result on English 1anguage education.
23
Types of Factors Influencing Students Academic Performance
Various factors influence the student academic performance.
However, there are necessarily two types of factors that influence
the student academic performance. These are internal or academic
factors
and
external
or
non-academic
factors
(Kudari,
2016).
Internal factors may range from the school, teacher, and student
while external factors may be more intricate compared to internal
factors which includes family, religion, friendship, social life,
etc. In the year 2012, Jones concluded that there are two types of
educational factors, namely: internal and external. She conducted
a research regarding the two where she found the more specific
factors under the two which were parental achievement, parental
and
community
involvement,
school
morale,
teacher
quality,
students peer groups, and resources among internal and external
educational factors.
Internal Factors Influencing Students’ Academic Performance
In a research conducted by Nambuya (2013), it was discussed
that
there
are
school-based
factors
that
influence
students’
academic performance. She stated three of these factors in her
research,
namely:
financial
resources,
human
resources,
and
physical resources. Financial resources refer to the school’s
ability to cater all the purchases needed to operate. Human
resources refer to the working force of the school for running its
24
activities.
Physical
resources
refer
to
the
school’s
infrastructures used by students and teachers in their daily school
activities.
Whilst
on
an
article
that
complemented
Nambuya’s
claim, there are school-related and teacher-related factors that
influence students’ academic performance. An instance of a schoolrelated factor is when the student population of the school
increases, less effort and attention is given for each student to
cope up with the increasing demand for education. While for the
teacher- related factor, skilled personnel opt to search for better
employment opportunities even for the case of qualified teachers;
therefore, rendering less quality education for students (Higher
life Foundation, 2016). In addition, Hansen argued, “The most
important factor with positive effect on students’ performance is
student’s competence in English. If the students have strong
communication skills and have strong grip on English, it increases
the performance” (as cited in Kudari, 2016, p. 31).
External Factors Influencing Students
In the same article by higher life Foundation (2016), it
underlines that family- related factors play a crucial role in a
student’s academic performance. A common example of family-related
factors is early marriage. Early marriages are either concurring
or not on the discretion of the child. It happens when the child’s
family forces him/her to marry a well-off person to take the
25
financial responsibility of the deceased or indolent parents.
Thus, it does not only adversely influence the child’s academic
performance rather put it into a halt. Kudari (2016) added that
there are several external factors that affect students’ academic
performance. Some of these include extracurricular activities,
family, work and financial, social and other problems. Kudari also
discussed that friends circle, home environment, social network,
and demographics retain significance influencing student academic
performance. Hence, several factors must be considered to pinpoint
the major factors and their constituents in influencing students’
academic performance.
26
Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter presents the research method, sources of data,
instrumentation, data collection and tools for data analysis.
Research Design
The
study
will
use
two
descriptive
research
designs
in
gathering the needed data. The descriptive survey will be used
because
the
study
attempts
to
describe
the
present
profile,
research competency, professional support and guidance, research
facilities
and
resources,
descriptive
correlational
researchers
wants
more
and
policies
design
will
than
simply
and
also
guidelines.
used
describing
because
a
The
the
particular
situation of the respondents profile and competency but also
relationships of the variables under study.
Locale of the Study
The
study
will
be
conducted
at
La
Carlota
City
College
Foundation (LCCC) located in La Carlota City. LCCC education
institution offers degree programs in Education such as BSED
English, BSED Math, BSED Filipino, BSED MAPEH, BEED Gen.Ed and
BEED EC for the Academic 2018-2019
27
Sample and Sampling Procedure
The study will include the entire population of the study but
it will be subject to the availability and willingness of the
subject faculty to answer the questionnaire.
Respondents of the Study
There
were
40
faculty
members
coming
from
the
different
institutes who were reporting to school either on a part-time or
full-time basis.
Research Instruments
The survey questionnaire (Appendix A) will used as the main
data-gathering instrument for this study. The questionnaire is
divided
into
four
sections:
profile,
research
competency,
perceptions on research support, and comments and suggestions. The
profile contains the employment status, educational attainment,
faculty rank, length of relevant teaching experience, relevant
trainings and seminars, and research productivity. The competency
contains 13 statement about research proposal making and seven
statements about conducting research and packaging the research
report.
The
research
professional
support
support
and
contains
guidance
five
five
statements
statements
about
about
professional support and guidance, five statements about research
facilities and resources in the conduct of research, and seven
28
statements about research policies and guidelines. The comments
and suggestions part is in open-ended form where respondents can
freely write their ideas.
The scale below will be used to interpret the responses of the
respondents for every survey question by computing the weighted
mean.
Scale of Values
Scale Range
5
4.21-5.0
4
3.41-4.20
3
2.61-3.40
2
1.81-2.60
1
1.00-1.80
Qualitative Description
Strongly Agree
Agree
NO opinion or Uncertain
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Data Collection
The researchers prepared a request for permission to conduct
the study (Appendix B) and it will be forwarded to the office of
the president. Upon approval, questionnaires will be personally
distributed
and
collected
to
and
from
the
respondents.
The
administration of the questionnaire will be held during the month
of March 2016.
29
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data obtained from the questionnaire will be tallied,
tabulated and interpreted using the following formula:
1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution. This statistical tool
will
be
used
for
sub-
problem
I
that
is
for
profiling
of
respondents. Frequency Distribution shows the organization of the
data by magnitude and numerical value of observation. On the other
hand, Percentage Distribution can be acquired by dividing the
frequency of different values to total number of variables, and
then
multiply
the
quotient
by
100.
The
following
formula
illustrates the computation for percentage.
2. Weighted Arithmetic Mean. This statistical tool will be used to
treat sub- problems 2 and 3. The formula is:
30
3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA. This tool will be used to treat
sub-problem 5 to find out if there are significant ditferences
between
the
research
competencies
when
grouped
according
to
profile. The ANOVA will be performed with the aid of Microsoft
Excel Data Analysis Tool.
Name:
Description:
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