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Adenomyosis and IVF, What You Should Know
Adenomyosis is a medical condition common in women and girls. Its causes and relationship
with fertility remain largely unclear. The article will help you understand adenomyosis and its
connection to infertility.
Adenomyosis results in heavy periods and extreme menstrual pain, same as endometriosis.
Endometriosis and adenomyosis can occur simultaneously, and scientists wonder whether the
latter is just one unique form of endometriosis. Currently, adenomyosis definition is
“endometriosis within the uterine muscle.”
What Causes Adenomyosis?
The condition’s cause remains unclear, although there are numerous risk factors linked to it,
including past medical or surgical procedures, such as caesarian deliveries and pregnancy
termination. These procedures may distort the uterus lining, causing the abnormality. Other
causes include obesity and irregular menstrual cycles.
How Is Adenomyosis Diagnosed?
Because there are no clear approaches to diagnosing adenomyosis, the disease incidence among
women and girls varies significantly, between five and seventy percent. In the past, a diagnosis
would be by assessing a specimen doctors collect during a surgery to remove the uterus.
However, today, office diagnosis has become possible thanks to ultrasound technology.
Gynecologists can easily identify symptoms associated with adenomyosis on ultrasound images.
Although MRI may seem more accurate than ultrasound, the latter is more available and
affordable.
Does Adenomyosis Affect Fertility?
Various mechanisms connect fertility and adenomyosis. Damage of the uterus cavity can affect
fertility because it may block tubal Ostia, preventing embryo and sperm transport. An irregular
or thickened uterus can also be an indicator of adenomyosis. It impairs implantation by
obstructing contractions, which are crucial to sperms and eggs transport. A highly concentrated
uterus can heighten intrauterine pressure and affect contractions.
Does Adenomyosis Affect IVF?
The disorder can interfere with the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process. Studies report that the
thickening of the junction zone can cause thickening of the inner section of the uterine wall. It is
this thickening that leads to implantation failure. The condition impacts implantation by altering
the expression of molecules that control endometrial receptivity.
Adenomyosis causes abnormal expression of these molecules. Furthermore, factors that
influence embryo growth tend to be lower in women and girls with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis
impacts IVF results and may also alter pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, and successful
pregnancy rates. Screening and counseling are necessary before conducting IVF.
What Are the Possible Treatment Options for Adenomyosis?
Treatment should focus on eliminating all risks linked to embryo abnormality. These risks
include maternal age and adverse effects resulting from adenomyosis, such as premature birth,
obstruction of uterine growth, miscarriage, and bleeding.
Treatment can be through surgical or medical therapies based on the severity of the medical
condition. The doctor can recommend anti-inflammatory drugs to slow blood flow, control
bleeding, and relieve pain.
An intrauterine hormonal device (IUD) is currently the most used treatment. The treatment is
reversible and has a great satisfaction rate. Contrary, if the method fails, or you decide to lose
your fertility, you may opt for partial or complete removal of the uterus.
Uterus eliminates the disorder by removing the uterus altogether and preventing the disease from
recurring while stopping continuous bleeding. Even though it may not be possible to get rid of
the disease without hampering fertility, advanced surgical skills may be necessary.
Conclusion
If you happen to have adenomyosis and would like to retail your fertility, it would be best to
inquire from a specialist about how well to go about it. You may require treatment that supports
spontaneous pregnancy or the doctor may advise you to consider IVF.
During pregnancy, women with the medical condition are prone to placental problems and
premature delivery, which calls for close monitoring. However, the doctor must select the most
appropriate diagnostic tool to confirm severity of the disease and the best way to handle it.
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