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Tarea 6 2 c lculos con soluciones

Author:
October 21st, 2022

Ing. Daniela Vásquez
Química General
QUI-101
José Carlos Rosales Ayestas
11641011
Tarea 6.2 Cálculos con soluciones
Lunes, 28 de febrero del 2022
1. Se te pide preparar 500 mL de una solución 0.10 M de sacarosa ¿Cuántos gramos de sacarosa
emplearía?
𝑔. 𝑠𝑡𝑜
𝑀 =
𝑃𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐿𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑔
𝑃𝑚 𝐶12𝐻22𝑂11 = 12𝑔 ∗ 12 + 1𝑔 ∗ 22 + 16𝑔 ∗ 11 = 342
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝑃𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐿𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑔
𝑀 = 0.10 𝑀 ∗ 342
∗ 0.5 𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀 = 17.1 𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑎
2. ¿Cuántos mililitros de solución de sacarosa 0.1 M emplearía para obtener 8 g de sacarosa?
342𝑔
𝑃𝑚 =
𝑚𝑜𝑙
8𝑔
342 = 0.0234 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛 0.0234𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = =
= 0.234𝐿 = 234𝑚𝐿
𝑀
0.1𝑚𝑜𝑙
3. ¿Cuántos mililitros de alcohol isopropílico emplearía para preparar 500 mL de una solución 60
% v/v?
𝑣
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
% =
∗ 100
𝑣 𝑣 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑣 𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑙
𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = % ∗
𝑣
100
500
𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 60 ∗
= 300𝑚𝐿
100
4. Si un vino es etanol al 10 % v/v. ¿cuántos mililitros de etanol hay en una botella de vino de 750
mL?
%𝑣
= 𝑣 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 ∗ 100
𝑣
750
𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 10 ∗
= 75𝑚𝐿
100
5. Indique cuántos gramos de carbonato de sodio y cuantos gramos de agua deben emplearse para
hacer 2 Kg de solución al 3 % p/p.
%𝑝 𝑔𝑠𝑡𝑜
=
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 ∗ 100
𝑝
𝑔
%𝑝 𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
3%𝑝 2000 𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝐺 𝑠𝑡𝑜 =
∗
=
∗
𝑝
100
𝑝
100
𝐺 𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 60𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑜
𝑆𝑜𝑙 = 𝑠𝑡𝑜 + 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 𝑠𝑜𝑙 – 𝑠𝑡𝑜 = 2000𝑔 – 60𝑔 = 1940𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
= 1940𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
6. El ácido nítrico concentrado es al 70 % p/p, ¿cuántos gramos de ácido nítrico hay en 500 g del
ácido?
70 𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
500𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ∗ (
) = 350 𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
100𝑔𝑑𝑙𝑠
7. Se prepara 1 libra de cianuro en una tonelada de agua, indique las ppm de cianuro en la
solución.
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
∗ 1000000
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
1𝑙𝑏
+ 220.6216
1𝑙𝑏
1𝑙𝑏
∗ 1000000 = 4512.22𝑝𝑚𝑚
221.6216
8. Cuál es la molaridad obtenida mezclando 50 mL de HCl 3 M con 70 mL de agua.
𝑀1𝑉1 = 𝑀2𝑉2
3𝑀 ∗ 50𝑀𝑙 = 𝑥 ∗ 70𝑚𝐿
150 = 70𝑥
𝑋 = 2
𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 2.
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